Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor
Identifieur interne : 000553 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000552; suivant : 000554Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor
Auteurs : Y. Oh ; J. Kim ; S. Chung ; I. Song ; Y. Kim ; Y. Kim ; K. LeeSource :
- European Journal of Neurology [ 1351-5101 ] ; 2011-04.
English descriptors
Abstract
Background and purpose: Decreased visual function is one of the non‐motor dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidences suggest that essential tremor (ET) is not ‘pure’ motor disorder and there is growing evidence that this disease is a multiple‐system disorder. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate ET from PD. In addition, there is considerable controversy regarding the relationship between PD and ET. The objective of this study was to compare color discrimination dysfunction amongst patients with PD and ET and to investigate the clinical relevance. Methods: Case–control comparisons of 54 patients with PD, 36 patients with ET, and 34 age‐matched controls were performed. All cases underwent Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test (FMT) and clinical assessments on medication. In addition, the association between color vision abnormalities and motor handicaps was investigated. Results: There were significant differences in the total error scores (TES) of the FMT amongst the three groups; patients with the PD had higher TES than the patients with ET and the controls after adjustments for age. In addition, the motor symptom severity in PD correlated with the FMT abnormalities, especially with regard to the axial symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that color vision abnormalities may be one of the non‐motor clinical characteristics of PD‐related dysfunction in contrast to ET. In addition, the severity of axial motor symptoms was closely related to visual dysfunction. Confirmation of these findings as well as the mechanisms underlying these results requires further study.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03206.x
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Chung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, I" sort="Song, I" uniqKey="Song I" first="I." last="Song">I. Song</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y" sort="Kim, Y" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Y." last="Kim">Y. Kim</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y" sort="Kim, Y" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Y." last="Kim">Y. Kim</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, K" sort="Lee, K" uniqKey="Lee K" first="K." last="Lee">K. Lee</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03206.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000553</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor</title><author><name sortKey="Oh, Y" sort="Oh, Y" uniqKey="Oh Y" first="Y." last="Oh">Y. Oh</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, J" sort="Kim, J" uniqKey="Kim J" first="J." last="Kim">J. Kim</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, S" sort="Chung, S" uniqKey="Chung S" first="S." last="Chung">S. Chung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, I" sort="Song, I" uniqKey="Song I" first="I." last="Song">I. Song</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y" sort="Kim, Y" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Y." last="Kim">Y. Kim</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y" sort="Kim, Y" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Y." last="Kim">Y. Kim</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, K" sort="Lee, K" uniqKey="Lee K" first="K." last="Lee">K. Lee</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">European Journal of Neurology</title><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-1331</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-04">2011-04</date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="577">577</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="583">583</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno></series><idno type="istex">55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03206.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ENE3206</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test</term><term>Parkinson’s disease</term><term>color vision</term><term>essential tremor</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background and purpose: Decreased visual function is one of the non‐motor dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidences suggest that essential tremor (ET) is not ‘pure’ motor disorder and there is growing evidence that this disease is a multiple‐system disorder. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate ET from PD. In addition, there is considerable controversy regarding the relationship between PD and ET. The objective of this study was to compare color discrimination dysfunction amongst patients with PD and ET and to investigate the clinical relevance. Methods: Case–control comparisons of 54 patients with PD, 36 patients with ET, and 34 age‐matched controls were performed. All cases underwent Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test (FMT) and clinical assessments on medication. In addition, the association between color vision abnormalities and motor handicaps was investigated. Results: There were significant differences in the total error scores (TES) of the FMT amongst the three groups; patients with the PD had higher TES than the patients with ET and the controls after adjustments for age. In addition, the motor symptom severity in PD correlated with the FMT abnormalities, especially with regard to the axial symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that color vision abnormalities may be one of the non‐motor clinical characteristics of PD‐related dysfunction in contrast to ET. In addition, the severity of axial motor symptoms was closely related to visual dysfunction. Confirmation of these findings as well as the mechanisms underlying these results requires further study.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Y.‐S. Oh</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J.‐S. Kim</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S.‐W. Chung</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I.‐U. Song</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y.‐D. Kim</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y.‐I. Kim</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K.‐S. Lee</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>color vision</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>essential tremor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson’s disease</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ENE3206</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background and purpose: Decreased visual function is one of the non‐motor dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidences suggest that essential tremor (ET) is not ‘pure’ motor disorder and there is growing evidence that this disease is a multiple‐system disorder. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate ET from PD. In addition, there is considerable controversy regarding the relationship between PD and ET. The objective of this study was to compare color discrimination dysfunction amongst patients with PD and ET and to investigate the clinical relevance. Methods: Case–control comparisons of 54 patients with PD, 36 patients with ET, and 34 age‐matched controls were performed. All cases underwent Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test (FMT) and clinical assessments on medication. In addition, the association between color vision abnormalities and motor handicaps was investigated. Results: There were significant differences in the total error scores (TES) of the FMT amongst the three groups; patients with the PD had higher TES than the patients with ET and the controls after adjustments for age. In addition, the motor symptom severity in PD correlated with the FMT abnormalities, especially with regard to the axial symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that color vision abnormalities may be one of the non‐motor clinical characteristics of PD‐related dysfunction in contrast to ET. In addition, the severity of axial motor symptoms was closely related to visual dysfunction. Confirmation of these findings as well as the mechanisms underlying these results requires further study.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.226</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>4</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1631</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4310</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>26353</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>243</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>18</volume><publisherId><json:string>ENE</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>7</total><last>583</last><first>577</first></pages><issn><json:string>1351-5101</json:string></issn><issue>4</issue><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-1331</json:string></eissn><title>European Journal of Neurology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2011</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2011</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03206.x</json:string></doi><id>55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2011</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Y.‐S.</forename><surname>Oh</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J.‐S.</forename><surname>Kim</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S.‐W.</forename><surname>Chung</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">I.‐U.</forename><surname>Song</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Y.‐D.</forename><surname>Kim</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Y.‐I.</forename><surname>Kim</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">K.‐S.</forename><surname>Lee</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">European Journal of Neurology</title><idno type="pISSN">1351-5101</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-1331</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-04"></date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="577">577</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="583">583</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03206.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ENE3206</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background and purpose: Decreased visual function is one of the non‐motor dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidences suggest that essential tremor (ET) is not ‘pure’ motor disorder and there is growing evidence that this disease is a multiple‐system disorder. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate ET from PD. In addition, there is considerable controversy regarding the relationship between PD and ET. The objective of this study was to compare color discrimination dysfunction amongst patients with PD and ET and to investigate the clinical relevance. Methods: Case–control comparisons of 54 patients with PD, 36 patients with ET, and 34 age‐matched controls were performed. All cases underwent Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test (FMT) and clinical assessments on medication. In addition, the association between color vision abnormalities and motor handicaps was investigated. Results: There were significant differences in the total error scores (TES) of the FMT amongst the three groups; patients with the PD had higher TES than the patients with ET and the controls after adjustments for age. In addition, the motor symptom severity in PD correlated with the FMT abnormalities, especially with regard to the axial symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that color vision abnormalities may be one of the non‐motor clinical characteristics of PD‐related dysfunction in contrast to ET. In addition, the severity of axial motor symptoms was closely related to visual dysfunction. Confirmation of these findings as well as the mechanisms underlying these results requires further study.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>color vision</term></item><item><term>essential tremor</term></item><item><term>Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test</term></item><item><term>Parkinson’s disease</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-04">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</doi><issn type="print">1351-5101</issn><issn type="electronic">1468-1331</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ENE"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY">European Journal of Neurology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="04104"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/ene.2011.18.issue-4</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="18">18</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="4">4</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-04">April 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="7" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03206.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ENE3206"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="7"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2010 The Author(s). European Journal of Neurology © 2010 EFNS</copyright><eventGroup><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.4.7 mode:FullText" date="2011-03-16"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2010-09-06"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2011-03-16"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-09-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-24"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-16"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="577">577</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="583">583</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>J.‐S. Kim, MD, Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s hospital, 505, Banpo‐dong, Seocho‐gu, Seoul, South Korea (tel.: +82 2 2258 6078; fax: +82 2 599 9686; e‐mail: <email>neuronet@catholic.ac.kr</email>).</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ENE.ENE3206.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 25 March 2010 Accepted 10 August 2010</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor</title><title type="shortAuthors">Y.‐S. Oh <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Color vision in PD and ET</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Y.‐S.</givenNames><familyName>Oh</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>J.‐S.</givenNames><familyName>Kim</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>S.‐W.</givenNames><familyName>Chung</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>I.‐U.</givenNames><familyName>Song</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Y.‐D.</givenNames><familyName>Kim</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Y.‐I.</givenNames><familyName>Kim</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>K.‐S.</givenNames><familyName>Lee</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="aff-1-1"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">color vision</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">essential tremor</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">Parkinson’s disease</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Background and purpose: </b> Decreased visual function is one of the non‐motor dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidences suggest that essential tremor (ET) is not ‘pure’ motor disorder and there is growing evidence that this disease is a multiple‐system disorder. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate ET from PD. In addition, there is considerable controversy regarding the relationship between PD and ET. The objective of this study was to compare color discrimination dysfunction amongst patients with PD and ET and to investigate the clinical relevance.</p><p><b>Methods: </b> Case–control comparisons of 54 patients with PD, 36 patients with ET, and 34 age‐matched controls were performed. All cases underwent Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test (FMT) and clinical assessments on medication. In addition, the association between color vision abnormalities and motor handicaps was investigated.</p><p><b>Results: </b> There were significant differences in the total error scores (TES) of the FMT amongst the three groups; patients with the PD had higher TES than the patients with ET and the controls after adjustments for age. In addition, the motor symptom severity in PD correlated with the FMT abnormalities, especially with regard to the axial symptoms.</p><p><b>Conclusion: </b> The results of this study suggest that color vision abnormalities may be one of the non‐motor clinical characteristics of PD‐related dysfunction in contrast to ET. In addition, the severity of axial motor symptoms was closely related to visual dysfunction. Confirmation of these findings as well as the mechanisms underlying these results requires further study.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Color vision in PD and ET</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Color vision in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.‐S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Oh</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.‐S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.‐W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chung</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.‐U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Song</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.‐D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.‐I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.‐S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, The Catholic university of Korea, Seoul St Mary’s hospital, Seoul, South Korea</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-04</dateIssued><edition>Received 25 March 2010 Accepted 10 August 2010</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Background and purpose: Decreased visual function is one of the non‐motor dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent evidences suggest that essential tremor (ET) is not ‘pure’ motor disorder and there is growing evidence that this disease is a multiple‐system disorder. In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate ET from PD. In addition, there is considerable controversy regarding the relationship between PD and ET. The objective of this study was to compare color discrimination dysfunction amongst patients with PD and ET and to investigate the clinical relevance. Methods: Case–control comparisons of 54 patients with PD, 36 patients with ET, and 34 age‐matched controls were performed. All cases underwent Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test (FMT) and clinical assessments on medication. In addition, the association between color vision abnormalities and motor handicaps was investigated. Results: There were significant differences in the total error scores (TES) of the FMT amongst the three groups; patients with the PD had higher TES than the patients with ET and the controls after adjustments for age. In addition, the motor symptom severity in PD correlated with the FMT abnormalities, especially with regard to the axial symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that color vision abnormalities may be one of the non‐motor clinical characteristics of PD‐related dysfunction in contrast to ET. In addition, the severity of axial motor symptoms was closely related to visual dysfunction. Confirmation of these findings as well as the mechanisms underlying these results requires further study.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>color vision</topic><topic>essential tremor</topic><topic>Farnsworth–Munsell 100 Hue test</topic><topic>Parkinson’s disease</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>European Journal of Neurology</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1351-5101</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-1331</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ENE</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>577</start><end>583</end><total>7</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">55849775E0D97878C67E1C954BF420A7E83A020F</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03206.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ENE3206</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2010 The Author(s). 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